Issues

Summary: In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the many functions of the actin cytoskeleton in oocytes, with a focus on findings from the mouse model system.

Summary: This Review summarizes recent studies that underscore the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway.

Summary: The Enigma family proteins (PDLIM5/7) link YAP with F-actin stress fibers to participate in integrin-mediated mechanotransduction.

Highlighted Article: A quantitative synthesis of 278 systematically identified studies of mechanically stimulated ATP release, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse disorders, including inflammation, cystic fibrosis and urinary dysfunction.

Summary: Abnormal induction of the Tf2 retrotransposons upon nitrogen starvation in cells lacking the tsc2⁺ gene is due to defects in RHEB–mTOR and the glucose/cAMP signaling and induction of autophagy.

Summary: The ATPase Afg1 has evolutionarily conserved roles in both oxidative stress tolerance and mitochondrial protein homeostasis, suggesting its importance in mitochondrial quality control.

Summary: Sequestration of LTβR in intraluminal vesicles of endosomes upon depletion of HOPS components or Rab7 precludes NF-κB signaling, whereas LTβR accumulation on the outer endosomal membrane after ESCRT depletion promotes signaling.

Summary: LCP1 forms a ternary complex with αMβ2 integrin and negatively regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion by maintaining αMβ2 integrin in an inactive conformation.

Summary: Lipid bilayer stress, which can be genetically induced by membrane phospholipid imbalance, leads to the upregulation of autophagy through the ER stress-activated unfolded protein response, promoting cellular homeostasis.

Highlighted Article: Wounding-related changes in the extracellular matrix induce abnormal TGFβ activation and differentiation of lens epithelial cells that could contribute to vision loss after cataract surgery.

Summary: GCN5L1 interacts with α-tubulin acetyltransferase. In parallel, the nucleoporin RanBP2 facilitates binding of GCN5L1 to α-tubulin to orchestrate microtubule acetylation.

Summary: Here, using pharmacological antagonism or knockdown of P2Y₂ receptors, we show that basal lipolysis and adipokine secretion are controlled by autocrine purinergic signalling via P2Y₂ receptors in human adipocytes.

Highlighted Article: Necroptotic signaling mediated by RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL controls axonal degeneration during neuronal excitotoxic damage.

Summary: Nuclear localization of FIH is governed by two opposing processes: nuclear entry by ‘coupling’ with HIF1α for importin β1-mediated nuclear import, and active export via a leptomycin B-sensitive exportin 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway.

Highlighted Article: Circular dorsal ruffles in fibroblasts amplify PI3K-dependent signals leading to phosphorylation of Akt in response to EGF or low concentrations of PDGF.