... Summary: This Review discusses the chromatin modifications associated with the mammalian female inactive X chromosome and their relevance to gene silencing and potential for therapeutic modulation. X inactivation Epigenetics Female Gene silencing Stem cells National Health and Medical...

... of Biologists Ltd 2023 Summary: This Review provides an overview of the remarkable roles that metabolism and metabolic switches play during development, differentiation and regeneration. Metabolic switch Embryonic development Postnatal development Regeneration Reprogramming Stem cells...

... that drive tissue repair and, in some cases, the development of specific cell types. Although macrophages display directed orchestration of stem cell activities, bidirectional cellular crosstalk mechanisms allow stem cells to regulate macrophage behaviour within their niche, thus increasing the complexity...

.... The stoichiometry of this modification is tightly controlled throughout all stages of development, with both hypo/hyper O-GlcNAcylation resulting in broad defects. In this Primer, we discuss the role of O-GlcNAcylation in developmental processes from stem cell maintenance and differentiation to cell and tissue...

... , A. S. et al. ( 2019 ). Onset of differentiation is post-transcriptionally controlled in adult neural stem cells . Nature 566 , 100 - 104 . 10.1038/s41586-019-0888-x Baßler , J. and Hurt , E. ( 2018 ). Eurokaryotic ribosome assembly . Annu. Rev. Biochem. 88 , 1 - 26...

... Agence Nationale de la Recherche http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 ANR-20-CE13-0014 Regeneration Wound healing Repair Stem cells Cellular plasticity Summary: This Meeting Review provides an overview of the exciting topics discussed during the eighth EMBO conference...

... element activities that, if left uncontrolled, create an insurmountable barrier to tissue repair. Transposable elements Regenerative biology Inflammation Proliferation Stem cells Empire State Stem Cell Fund C30293GG National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039...

... the RAM of mto2-2 is represented solely by the TD, the known factors of RAM maintenance and auxin signaling are expressed in the mutant. Mathematical modeling predicts that the stem cell niche depends on Thr metabolism and that, when disturbed, the normal continuum of cell states becomes aborted...

... organoids in vitro from embryonic, fetal and adult cells, as well as pluripotent stem cells. We discuss how these systems have been used to learn new aspects of pancreas development, regeneration and disease, as well as their limitations and potential for future discoveries. * Author for correspondence...

...Fiona M. Bain; James L. C. Che; Maria Jassinskaja; David G. Kent ABSTRACT Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is a process that is essential for the development and homeostasis of the blood system. Self-renewal expansion divisions, which create two daughter HSCs from a single parent HSC...

... the underlying gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways, have been for the most part characterised in animal models. In this Review, we describe how placode development can be recapitulated by the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards placode progenitors and their derivatives...

..., inherited neurometabolic disorder that presents with bilateral brain lesions caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated nuclear-encoded proteins. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three LS patient-derived fibroblast lines. Using whole-exome...

.... , Broderick , N. , Poidevin , M. , Chakrabarti , S. and Lemaitre , B. ( 2009 ). Invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in Drosophila . Genes Dev. 23 , 2333 - 2344 . 10.1101/gad.1827009 Byrd , A. , Belkaid , Y...

... the ability of cells outside of the adaptive immune system to respond to recurring infections through the lens of evolution and cellular memory. With this in mind, we then discuss the bidirectional crosstalk between the immune cells and stem cells and present examples where these interactions regulate tissue...

... and Other Communication Disorders http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000055 R01 DC017461 Mechanobiology Sensory development Neural crest Placodes Stem cells Organoids Summary: This Review gives an overview of our current understanding of how physical forces influence developing sensory...

...Viju Vijayan Pillai; Tiffany G. Kei; Shailesh Gurung; Moubani Das; Luiz G. B. Siqueira; Soon Hon Cheong; Peter J. Hansen; Vimal Selvaraj ABSTRACT Exponential proliferation of trophoblast stem cells (TSC) is crucial in Ruminantia to maximize numerical access to caruncles, the restricted uterine...

... stem cells that are easy to access, track, manipulate and scale. Here, we explain how unlocking distinct levels of embryo-like architecture through controlled modulations of the cellular environment enables the identification of minimal sets of mechanical and biochemical inputs necessary to pattern...

... stem cells of small intestinal (SI) crypts. To examine NF–κB functions in SI epithelial self-renewal, mice or SI crypt organoids (‘mini-guts’) with ubiquitously suppressed NF-κB activity were used. We show that NF-κB activity is dispensable for maintaining SI epithelial proliferation, but is essential...

...: from fertilisation to blastocyst. Furthermore, we highlight current advances in elucidating the significance of specific microtubule arrays in in vitro culture systems of pluripotent stem cells and how the microtubule cytoskeleton serves as a highway for the precise intracellular movement of organelles...

...-organisation Stem cells University of Edinburgh http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000848 Wellcome Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269 IS3-R1.16 19/20 Technology development is motivated by the need to overcome specific problems. In vivo , the native environment...