...Kathryn Duvall; Lauren Crist; Alison J. Perl; Naomi Pode Shakked; Praneet Chaturvedi; Raphael Kopan ABSTRACT Notch signaling promotes maturation of nephron epithelia, but its proposed contribution to nephron segmentation into proximal and distal domains has been called into doubt. We leveraged...

...Shannon E. Taylor; Peter K. Dearden ABSTRACT Insect segmentation is a well-studied and tractable system with which to investigate the genetic regulation of development. Though insects segment their germband using a variety of methods, modelling work implies that a single gene regulatory network can...

... the tissue. Therefore, understanding any morphogenetic event first requires a thorough segmentation of its constituent cells. This task, however, usually involves extensive manual correction, even with semi-automated tools. Here, we present EPySeg, an open-source, coding-free software that uses deep learning...

...Kazunori Okada; Shinji Takada ABSTRACT Pharyngeal arches (PAs) are segmented by endodermal outpocketings called pharyngeal pouches (PPs). Anterior and posterior PAs appear to be generated by different mechanisms, but it is unclear how the anterior and posterior PAs combine. Here, we addressed...

...Brooke E. Chambers; Eleanor G. Clark; Allison E. Gatz; Rebecca A. Wingert ABSTRACT A functional vertebrate kidney relies on structural units called nephrons, which are epithelial tubules with a sequence of segments each expressing a distinct repertoire of solute transporters. The transcriptiona`l...

...Erik Clark; Andrew D. Peel; Michael Akam ABSTRACT There is now compelling evidence that many arthropods pattern their segments using a clock-and-wavefront mechanism, analogous to that operating during vertebrate somitogenesis. In this Review, we discuss how the arthropod segmentation clock...

...Katie Reding; Mengyao Chen; Yong Lu; Alys M. Cheatle Jarvela; Leslie Pick ABSTRACT The discovery of pair-rule genes (PRGs) in Drosophila revealed the existence of an underlying two-segment-wide prepattern directing embryogenesis. The milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus , a hemimetabolous insect...

...Brooke E. Chambers; Gary F. Gerlach; Eleanor G. Clark; Karen H. Chen; Anna E. Levesque; Ignaty Leshchiner; Wolfram Goessling; Rebecca A. Wingert ABSTRACT Renal functional units known as nephrons undergo patterning events during development that create a segmental array of cellular compartments...

...). The resulting large imagery dataset of several terabytes was processed in an automated manner on a high-performance computer cluster and segmented using a novel segmentation approach that uses images of red blood cells as training data. This analysis yielded a precise quantification of growth characteristics...

...Erik Clark; Andrew D. Peel ABSTRACT Long-germ insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , pattern their segments simultaneously, whereas short-germ insects, such as the beetle Tribolium castaneum , pattern their segments sequentially, from anterior to posterior. Although the two modes...

...Jie Xiang; Katie Reding; Alison Heffer; Leslie Pick A set of pair-rule (PR) segmentation genes (PRGs) promotes the formation of alternate body segments in Drosophila melanogaster . Whereas Drosophila embryos are long-germ, with segments specified more or less simultaneously, most insects add...

...Tzach Auman; Barbara M. I. Vreede; Aryeh Weiss; Susan D. Hester; Terri A. Williams; Lisa M. Nagy; Ariel D. Chipman We describe the dynamic process of abdominal segment generation in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus . We present detailed morphological measurements of the growing germband...

...Taijiro Yabe; Kazuyuki Hoshijima; Takashi Yamamoto; Shinji Takada The segmental pattern of somites is generated by sequential conversion of the temporal periodicity provided by the molecular clock. Whereas the basic structure of this clock is conserved among different species, diversity also exists...

...Anna Schönauer; Christian L. B. Paese; Maarten Hilbrant; Daniel J. Leite; Evelyn E. Schwager; Natália Martins Feitosa; Cornelius Eibner; Wim G. M. Damen; Alistair P. McGregor In short-germ arthropods, posterior segments are added sequentially from a segment addition zone (SAZ) during embryogenesis...

... is segmented by the reiterative formation of endodermal outpocketings called pharyngeal pouches, the molecular network underlying the reiterative pattern remains unclear. Here, we show that pax1 plays crucial roles in pouch segmentation in medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) embryos. Importantly, pax1 expression...

...Angeleen Fleming; Marcia G. Kishida; Charles B. Kimmel; Roger J. Keynes The segmented vertebral column comprises a repeat series of vertebrae, each consisting of two key components: the vertebral body (or centrum) and the vertebral arches. Despite being a defining feature of the vertebrates, much...

...Stefanie E. Windner; Rosemarie A. Doris; Chantal M. Ferguson; Andrew C. Nelson; Guillaume Valentin; Haihan Tan; Andrew C. Oates; Fiona C. Wardle; Stephen H. Devoto During embryonic development, the paraxial mesoderm becomes segmented into somites, within which proliferative muscle progenitors...

... unclear how these signals are integrated to specify discrete tissue territories. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of one of the hindbrain segments, rhombomere (r) 3, specified by the expression of the gene krox20 . Dissecting krox20 transcriptional regulation has...

...Fabrice Prin; Patricia Serpente; Nobue Itasaki; Alex P. Gould Hox genes encode a conserved family of homeodomain transcription factors regulating development along the major body axis. During embryogenesis, Hox proteins are expressed in segment-specific patterns and control numerous different...

...Ryutaro Akiyama; Miwa Masuda; Shoichiro Tsuge; Yasumasa Bessho; Takaaki Matsui Vertebrate segments called somites are generated by periodic segmentation of the anterior extremity of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). During somite segmentation in zebrafish, mesp-b determines a future somite boundary...