... double knockout (dKO) mice display neural tube defects (NTDs) coupled with reduced proliferation and precocious differentiation of NPCs. Using ribosomal protein 24 hypomorphic mice ( Rpl24 Bst/+ ) as a genetic tool to dampen global protein synthesis, we found that Lin28a −/− ;Rpl24 Bst/+ compound mutants...

... not abolish, embryonic and adult myogenesis. Raptor Rictor Protein synthesis Satellite cells Muscle regeneration Rapamycin Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process that results in the formation of skeletal muscle in several distinct myogenic waves. During development, mesodermal...

... ( bonsaï ) in a homolog of the prokaryotic ribosomal protein, RPS15, causes a growth defect that is non-cell-autonomous. Our results emphasize the importance of translational regulation for the exit from quiescence. They suggest that the level of protein synthesis required for cell cycle progression varies...

...S. K. Rehen; M. H. Varella; F. G. Freitas; M. O. Moraes; R. Linden ABSTRACT The role of protein synthesis in apoptosis was investigated in the retina of developing rats. In the neonatal retina, a ganglion cell layer, containing neurons with long, centrally projecting axons, is separated from...

... by comparing protein synthesis in normal and UV-irradiated embryos. About 5% of 433 labelled polypeptides detected in 2D gels were affected by UV irradiation. The most prominent protein is a 30 kDa cytoskeletal component (p30), whose synthesis is abolished by UV irradiation. p30 synthesis peaks during...

... synthesis in a mid blastula, but has become independent of it by the late blastula stage. In animal caps induced to become mesoderm, the time when protein synthesis is required for subsequent elongation immediately follows the time of induction, and is not related to developmental stage. For elongation...

.... Several specific alterations in the protein synthesis pattern of DBA/2 androgenones were observed that reflect a defect in the regulatory mechanisms that normally modulate the synthesis of these proteins between the 8-cell and blastocyst stages. These results are consistent with a model in which...

... occurs that is largely complete by 15 h following the first cleavage. Once this reprogramming is complete, very little change is observed during the late 2-cell and 4-cell stages. Cluster analysis of individual protein synthesis patterns reveals a limited number of coordinately regulated protein sets...

...J. R. Collier ABSTRACT Two-dimensional electrophoresis of labeled proteins and hybridization of mRNAs with specific gene probes was used to demonstrate changes in protein synthesis, and the cytoplasmic control of actin maternal mRNAs during the early development of llyanassa . The isolated polar...

...I. Néant; P. Guerrier The dependency of some key events of the cell cycle upon pH, phosphorylation and protein synthesis was investigated during meiosis reinitiation of Patella vulgata oocytes stimulated by ammonia. In this report, we show, through heterologous microinjection experiments...

... is that of a ‘Born’s crescent’ with a conspicuous ‘vitelline wall’ ( Pasteels, 1964 ). When oocytes are enucleated before maturation, HS has no effect on GC formation. A nuclear factor is therefore essential, as has been demonstrated in early GC formation induced by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Finally...

...S. Cascio; J. B. Gurdon ABSTRACT The incubation of Xenopus embryo fragments in cycloheximide at 5 or 10μgml −1 rapidly inhibits protein synthesis to 10 % or less of control levels. In most batches of embryos, treatment with cycloheximide for up to 1 h causes no obvious cellular damage and protein...

...David G. Wilkinson; Juliet A. Bailes; Janet E. Champion; Andrew P. Mcmahon The pattern of protein synthesis in 8-, 9- and 10-day post coitum (p . c . ) mouse embryos was examined by 2-D gel electrophoresis of [ 35 S]methionine-labelled proteins. Of the 600-800 polypeptides detected only one, a 14...

... was doubled. This resulted in both pronuclei residing in one half of the egg’s cytoplasm. Half eggs with one pronucleus (haploid) but retaining a nucleocytoplasmic ratio similar to unmanipulated control eggs served as additional controls for the bisection experiments. Protein synthesis was analysed by two...

... vegetal-characteristic proteins appearing. Comparison of protein synthesis patterns with those obtained when extracted RNA was translated in vitro and run on 2D gels, showed that the asymmetry in protein synthesis along the animal–vegetal axis in the oocyte and early embryo reflected directly...

...Jeremy B. Levy; Martin H. Johnson; Harry Goodall; Bernard Maro’ ABSTRACT The effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on compaction of the 8-cell mouse embryo has been investigated. The effects observed depended upon the duration and time of drug application and on the features of compaction scored...

... Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France. 25 09 1985 Copyright © 1986 by Company of Biologists 1986 oocyte maturation protein synthesis phosphorylation axolotl progesterone Ambystoma mexicanum Amphibian oocytes arrested in the first meiotic prophase progress...

...Mark A. Taylor; Kenneth R. Robinson; L. Dennis Smith ABSTRACT The induction of amphibian oocyte maturation with progesterone as well as the activation of sea urchin eggs at the time of fertilization result in increased protein synthesis. The increase in both cases involves the recruitment...

... stage embryos, but is not detectable in 2-cell embryos. These results indicate that maternal expression (oocyte-specific) of this gene is not occurring and that this gene may be developmentally regulated. Blastocysts which are allowed to implant in vitro have rates of protein synthesis that permit...

...Debbie Crise Meuler; George M. Malacinski ABSTRACT Changes in protein synthesis during early Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) embryogenesis were monitored using two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No change in synthesis patterns during progesterone-induced oocyte maturation...