... Tribolium Arthropods are an ecdysozoan phylum defined by their segmented bodies and jointed limbs. True arthropods (euarthropods) comprise three living clades: Chelicerata (spiders, scorpions and mites), Myriapoda (centipedes and millipedes), and Pancrustacea (crustaceans and insects). The closest...

... the degree of sequence complementarity between the CRISPR guide RNA and its targets. We establish the method in the beetle Tribolium castaneum . We demonstrate that clone marking frequency can be tuned to generate embryos that carry single marked clones. The Valcyrie approach can be applied to a wide range...

...Erik Clark; Andrew D. Peel ABSTRACT Long-germ insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , pattern their segments simultaneously, whereas short-germ insects, such as the beetle Tribolium castaneum , pattern their segments sequentially, from anterior to posterior. Although the two modes...

... beetle Tribolium , the function of the terminal system appears to be rather different, as the pathway promotes axis elongation and, in addition, is required for patterning the extra-embryonic serosa at the anterior. Here, we show that Torso signalling also induces gene expression by relieving Capicua...

... in the developing tracheal systems of two insect species. The larval tracheal system of Drosophila can be distinguished from the less derived tracheal system of the beetle Tribolium by two main features. First, Tribolium has lateral spiracles connecting the trachea to the exterior in each segment, while Drosophila...

...Ezzat El-Sherif; Michalis Averof; Susan J. Brown In Drosophila , all segments form in the blastoderm where morphogen gradients spanning the entire anterior-posterior axis of the embryo provide positional information. However, in the beetle Tribolium castaneum and most other arthropods, a number...

...Anke Beermann; Romy Prühs; Rebekka Lutz; Reinhard Schröder Short germ embryos elongate their primary body axis by consecutively adding segments from a posteriorly located growth zone. Wnt signalling is required for axis elongation in short germ arthropods, including Tribolium castaneum...

... by the intramembrane protease Rhomboid. Some of the Drosophila Rhomboids also reside in the ER, where they attenuate signaling by premature cleavage of Star. The genome of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum contains a single gene for each of the ligand-processing components, providing an opportunity to assess...

...Kay Kotkamp; Martin Klingler; Michael Schoppmeier In the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum , the head gap gene orthodenticle ( Tc-otd ) has been proposed to functionally substitute for bicoid , the anterior morphogen unique to higher dipterans. In this study we reanalyzed the function of Tc-otd...

... germ embryo of Tribolium using parental RNAi and interaction with possible target genes. We find that hunchback is a major regulator of the trunk gap genes and Hox genes in Tribolium , but may only indirectly be required to regulate other segmentation genes. The core function of hunchback appears...

... gene broad ( br ), and the effect on br of isoform-specific, double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing, in a basal holometabolous insect, the beetle Tribolium castaneum . All five isoforms are weakly expressed during the penultimate instar and highly expressed during the prepupal period of the final...

...Gregor Bucher; Martin Klingler Segmentation is well understood in Drosophila , where all segments are determined at the blastoderm stage. In the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum , as in most insects, the posterior segments are added at later stages from a posteriorly located growth zone, suggesting...

...Anke Beermann; Manuel Aranda; Reinhard Schröder Members of the Sp gene family are involved in a variety of developmental processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We identified the ortholog of the Drosophila Sp-1 gene in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum , termed T-Sp8 because of its...

...-neuro, a gene expressed later in the developing nervous system. Using a crossreactive antibody, we show that the embryonic expression of Pax group III genes in both the flour beetle Tribolium and the grasshopper Schistocerca is remarkably similar to the pattern in Drosophila . We also show that two Pax...

... role in establishing distal limb structures. We have isolated the Dll orthologue ( TcDll ) from the beetle Tribolium castaneum , which, unlike Drosophila , develops well-formed limbs during embryogenesis. TcDll is initially expressed at the sites of limb primordia formation in the young embryo...

... that segments can be generated sequentially at the molecular level, and suggested that pair-rule pre-patterning might not be shared by all insects. © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 evolution segmentation Drosophila Manduca Tribolium Schistocerca Acheta Crustacea engrailed even...