... tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells...

... between development and regeneration of a specific cell type or structure in one animal exist. Here, we use the brittle star Amphiura filiformis to characterise the role of the FGF signalling pathway during skeletal development in embryos and arm regeneration. In both processes, we find ligands expressed...

... Lipoproteins Morphogens Signalling Endocannabinoids Secreted morphogens are classically thought to diffuse from their source, forming an extracellular gradient through which they communicate spatial information to surrounding tissues ( Wolpert, 2016 ). The local morphogen concentration...

... the important, but little understood, topic of how gene expression is interpreted into morphology. In summary, the emerging view is the Shh signalling may not act directly to specify digit identities in chick and mouse limbs. Further work is required to understand how this is achieved, but, at least...

...Chii J. Chan; Takashi Hiiragi ABSTRACT Many developmental processes involve the emergence of intercellular fluid-filled lumina. This process of luminogenesis results in a build up of hydrostatic pressure and signalling molecules in the lumen. However, the potential roles of lumina in cellular...

... is coordinated with cell division and/or expansion of cells in outer layers. In Arabidopsis stems, receptor kinases, PXY and ER , genetically interact to coordinate vascular proliferation and organisation via inter-tissue signalling. The contribution of PXY and ER paralogues to stem patterning is not known, nor...

... skeletal muscle development, where it is a master regulator of the transition from embryonic to foetal myogenesis. Recently, Nfix was shown to be involved in adult muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies. Here, we have investigated the signalling that regulates Nfix expression, and show that JunB...

... to study the origin of human primordial germ cells, prompting further consideration of the somatic cell fate decisions that occur during early human development. Primordial germ cells Gastrulation Epiblast Human development Epigenetic resetting Transcription factors Signalling Amnion...

... pathway to regulate cell-to-cell communication and signalling at the synapse. Here, we provide an overview of Toll/TLR signalling and discuss how this signalling pathway regulates various aspects of development across species. Whether NTs function in concert with TLRs to regulate neuronal number...

... states, each identified by distinct factors and controlled by different signals. Both tissues initiate a common transcriptional state but over time impart regional character, with the acquisition of anterior identity dependent on Shh signalling. Using a network inference approach we predict...

... two important endocardial molecules, Serpine1 and Notch, which are implicated in different aspects of endocardial regeneration. Notch signalling regulates developmental gene expression and features of endocardial maturation. Also, Notch manipulation interferes with attenuation of the inflammatory...

...Ian John McGough; Jean-Paul Vincent In order to achieve coordinated growth and patterning during development, cells must communicate with one another, sending and receiving signals that regulate their activities. Such developmental signals can be soluble, bound to the extracellular matrix...

... organisation and cell division are integrated via PXY and ER signalling, which together coordinate development of different cell types that are essential for normal stem formation. * Author for correspondence ( simon.turner@manchester.ac.uk ) 20 3 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company...

... Endosperm Seed development Signalling Seed production in angiosperms requires a tight coordination of the development of the two zygotic products of double fertilization: the embryo and the endosperm. In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana , the endosperm is a largely transitory structure...

...Charalampos Rallis; Sheena M. Pinchin; David Ish-Horowicz Integrins act at signalling crossroads, and their interactions with other signal transduction pathways are key to the regulation of normal and pathological cell cytoarchitecture and behaviour. Here, we describe a signalling cascade that acts...

... ganglia are knots of neurons that innervate and relay sensory signals from several visceral organs and the taste buds. Their development was once thought to be independent, in line with their independent functions. However, recent studies indicate that both systems arise from a morphologically distinct...

...Núria Gavaldà; Humberto Gutierrez; Alun M. Davies For a given cell type, particular extracellular signals generate characteristic patterns of activity in intracellular signalling networks that lead to distinctive cell-type specific responses. Here, we report the first known occurrence...

...Yanlan Mao; Matthew Freeman Adhesion proteins not only control the degree to which cells adhere to each other but are increasingly recognised as regulators of intercellular signalling. Using genetic screening in Drosophila , we have identified Fasciclin 2 (Fas2), the Drosophila orthologue of neural...

... of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK 30 5 2007 © 2007. 2007 Th2 cells Cytokines Mammary gland Signalling Mouse Cytokines perform crucial functions in cell fate decisions. Within the immune system, cytokines play central roles in determining the differentiation...

...Odyssé Michos; Alexandre Gonçalves; Javier Lopez-Rios; Eva Tiecke; Florence Naillat; Konstantin Beier; Antonella Galli; Seppo Vainio; Rolf Zeller Antagonists act to restrict and negatively modulate the activity of secreted signals during progression of embryogenesis. In mouse embryos lacking...