... for SEL-10-mediated, MPK-1-dependent protein degradation. A targeted screen of conserved protein kinase-encoding genes yielded gsk-3 (an ortholog of human GSK3B) and cdk-2 (a CDK2-related kinase) as required for LIN-45 degron-mediated turnover. Genetic analysis revealed that LIN-45 degradation is blocked...

...) proteins. Both the CycE and Cip/Kip family proteins are under elaborate control via protein degradation, mediated by the Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) family of ubiquitin ligase complexes. The CRL complex SCF Fbxw7/Ago targets phosphorylated CycE, whereas p21 Cip1 and Dap are targeted by the CRL4 Cdt2 complex...

... regulates stem cell proliferation and intestinal homeostasis. Wingless Axin ADP-ribosylation Protein degradation Ubiquitin E3 ligase Stem cells The evolutionarily conserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a main regulator of animal development. It controls proliferation...

... and manipulate proteins, and highlights the recent application of such tools in developmental and synthetic biology. Protein binder Nanobody DARPin Monobody Protein degradation GFP Forward and reverse genetic approaches have been key to expanding our knowledge of gene function during...

... are summarized in Table S1 ; an analysis of reporter expression showing when each promoter turns on is in Fig. S3 ). Fig. 2. GFP-mediated protein degradation is efficient in multiple C. elegans tissues. (A) Transgene schematics. (B-D) Top: schematics showing imaged region. Middle: fluorescence...

... + dermomyotome. Conditional ubiquitous expression indicates that Mesp-b acts by inhibiting myogenic differentiation and by inducing the dermomyotome marker meox1 . By contrast, Ripply1 induces a negative-feedback loop by promoting Tbx6 protein degradation. Persistent Tbx6 expression in Ripply1 knockdown embryos...

.... Current methods for selective protein degradation require drug treatment or take hours for protein removal, limiting their utility in studying rapid developmental processes in vivo . Here, we repurpose an endogenous protein degradation system to rapidly remove targeted C. elegans proteins. We show...

... that controls degradation of Myc and CycE (as summarized in Fig. 7J ), and very likely other growth control factors. Further studies will be required to identify additional substrates of Puf and to understand the physiological importance of Puf-mediated regulation of protein degradation in Drosophila...

...@gmail.com ) 22 3 2007 © 2007. 2007 SKN-1 Hect ubiquitin ligase Protein degradation Cell fate specification Asymmetric cell division The complexity of multicellular organisms arises, in part, from mechanisms that establish differences between sister cells. The early C. elegans...

...Christoph Spitzer; Swen Schellmann; Aneta Sabovljevic; Mojgan Shahriari; Channa Keshavaiah; Nicole Bechtold; Michel Herzog; Stefan Müller; Franz-Georg Hanisch; Martin Hülskamp Recently, an alternative route to the proteasomal protein-degradation pathway was discovered that specifically targets...

...Jana Voigt; Nancy Papalopulu Selective protein degradation is an efficient and rapid way of terminating protein activity. Defects in protein degradation are associated with a number of human diseases, including potentially DiGeorge syndrome, which is characterised by abnormal development...

... E3 ligases, implying a key role in ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation. We report that Arabidopsis FUS11 gene encodes the subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). The fus11 mutant is defective in the COP9 signalosome and accumulates significant amount of multi-ubiquitinated proteins...

...@mail.utexas.edu ) 9 5 2001 © 2001. 2001 Drosophila Dorsal-ventral polarity Dorsal group Dorsal protein Cactus IκB IKK NFκB protein degradation In Drosophila, embryonic dorsal-ventral (DV) polarity is defined by a signal transduction pathway comprising the products of 12...

...@ucsd.edu ; jnewport@ucsd.edu ) 18 06 1997 © 1997 by Company of Biologists 1997 cell cycle caspase cyclin A gastrulation apoptosis protein degradation Xenopus The early embryonic development of many metazoans such as fish, frogs and flies is characterized by a number...

... improved the viability of embryos both in vitro and in vivo but development was still less than that of unlabelled embryos. Protein degradation curves were different for both 2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage embryos labelled at the two different specific activities. Most studies using tritiated...