... past the pairing stage of meiosis. Parthenogenesis Aspidoscelis Meiosis Endoreplication Synaptonemal complex Interspecific hybridization is a common phenomenon in plants and animals ( Mallet, 2007 ). If the parental species are closely related, first generation hybrids often retain...

... ( tkanekoi@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp ; fishino.epgn@mri.tmd.ac.jp ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 28 3 2014 20 8 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Parthenogenesis Haploid embryonic stem cells Cell cycle...

... interests. 18 3 2013 19 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Sfmbt2 Polycomb group protein Trophoblast stem cell Placenta Loss of imprinting Parthenogenesis Mouse Waddington’s epigenetic landscape ( Waddington, 1940...

... in this paper but wish to disclose that the establishment and germline transmission of haploid mouse ESCs has been submitted as part of a patent application. 26 6 2012 © 2012. Haploid embryonic stem cells Germline Transgenic mice Parthenogenesis Haploid embryonic stem...

..., Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Competing interests statement 24 6 2010 © 2010. Parthenogenesis Nuclear transfer Reprogramming Mouse In the mouse, parthenogenetic embryos die before day 10 of gestation, mainly from restricted placental development ( McGrath...

... 2006 © 2006. 2006 Meiotic cell cycle G1 arrest Fertilization Mos MAP kinase p90 Rsk Parthenogenesis Starfish oocytes The female gamete of most animals arrests in the meiotic cell cycle while awaiting fertilization, and thus parthenogenesis is prevented...

... by Company of Biologists 2001 Ca 2+ signal Oocyte activation Fertilization Parthenogenesis Rabbit In mammals considerable progress in understanding the fertilization processes (for review see Yanagimachi, 1994 ) has progressively opened up new horizons in the manipulation of mammalian...

... parthenogenesis imprinting During mouse development, the dramatic consequences of genomic imprinting have been clearly demonstrated by the failure of parthenogenetic/gynogenetic (PG/GG; two maternal chromosome sets) and androgenetic embryos (AG; two paternal chromosome sets) to develop to term...

...: Farmitalia Carlo Erba, Merzhauser Strasse 112, 7800 Freiburg, Germany * Present address: Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 1560 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1 03 06 1992 © 1992 by Company of Biologists 1992 parthenogenesis chimeras stem cells proliferation...

... compared with F2 cells. * Present address: Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 1560 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, H2L 4MI, Canada 02 08 1991 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 parthenogenesis chimeras genomic imprinting strain influence Recent evidence...

... (LKB, Bromma, Sweden). Peaks were cut from the paper, and quantitative estimates were obtained by weight determinations. 13 03 1991 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 mouse embryos parthenogenesis electrofusion tetraploidy glucose phosphate isomerase Early mammalian...

... 1990 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 cell cycle cytochalasin parthenogenesis mouse oocyte spindle microtubule Cytochalasins are potent inhibitors of actin microfilaments and have been used to increase the ploidy of various cells. The presence of cytochalasin during cell...

... was able to influence subsequent developmental events. One of the approaches consists of stimulating the pattern of calcium ion oscillatory activity observed during and after fertilization and initiated by the sperm. © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 parthenogenesis repetitive electrical...

... mutation of the paternal allele in retinoblastoma . Nature, Lond . 340 , 312 – 313 . 10.1038/340312a0 24 10 1989 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 parthenogenesis fetal chimeras genomic imprinting cell selection/proliferation The two parental genomes...

... would reflect requirements for the paternal genomes to control certain developmental pathways. parthenogenesis imprinting chimaeras mouse development © 1989 by Company of Biologists 1989 14 03 1989 * Present address: Department of Virology, University of Helsinki...

... parthenogenesis chimeras genomic imprinting cell selection primitive ectoderm Recent investigations have demonstrated that both parental genomes are needed for normal development in the mouse ( Surani et al . 1984 ; McGrath & Solter, 1984 ; Surani et al . 1986 a ). Furthermore, genetic...

..., Department of Virology, Hartmannin katu 3., 00290 Helsinki, Finland 28 09 1988 © 1989 by Company of Biologists 1989 parthenogenesis genomic imprinting chimera mouse fertilization postnatal development aggregation chimera Parthenogenetic mouse embryos do not develop...

... chromosome condensation parthenogenesis Oocytes that have completed meiotic maturation become developmentally arrested until they are fertilized. This developmental arrest occurs at different stages in different animal species; in most vertebrates, it occurs at metaphase II (review: Masui, 1985...

... 06 1988 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 parthenogenesis embryogenesis mouse chimeras in situ hybridization imprinting Parthenogenetic embryos of mammals die during embryogenesis, although this method of reproduction occurs naturally or can be experimentally induced...

... in the contributions of cells from the partheno-genone in favour of cells from the fertilized counterpart. The parthenogenetic cells are virtually absent from this tissue by day 19. parthenogenesis chimaera parental genomes mouse embryo prenatal development aggregation chimaera imprinting Recently...