... remains unclear. Here, we studied HOX clock pacing in human pluripotent stem cell-derived axial progenitors differentiating into diverse spinal cord motor neuron subtypes. We show that the progressive activation of caudal HOX genes is controlled by a dynamic increase in FGF signaling. Blocking the FGF...

...Matthew Wind; Antigoni Gogolou; Ichcha Manipur; Ilaria Granata; Larissa Butler; Peter W. Andrews; Ivana Barbaric; Ke Ning; Mario R. Guarracino; Marysia Placzek; Anestis Tsakiridis ABSTRACT The anteroposterior axial identity of motor neurons (MNs) determines their functionality and vulnerability...

...Kayt Scott; Rebecca O'Rourke; Austin Gillen; Bruce Appel ABSTRACT Spinal cord pMN progenitors sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Some OPCs differentiate rapidly as myelinating oligodendrocytes, whereas others remain into adulthood. How pMN progenitors...

...Charlotte Chaimowicz; Pierre-Louis Ruffault; Cyril Chéret; Andrew Woehler; Niccolò Zampieri; Gilles Fortin; Alistair N. Garratt; Carmen Birchmeier ABSTRACT Feeding and breathing are essential motor functions and rely on the activity of hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons that innervate the tongue...

... of organisation are largely unknown. We have previously shown that the assembly of motor neurons into nuclei depends on cadherin-mediated adhesion. Here, we demonstrate that the emergence of mature topography among motor nuclei involves a novel interplay between spontaneous activity, cadherin expression and gap...

... effectors through which they regulate neural connectivity in multiple model systems, with a focus on axon guidance and dendrite morphogenesis. The downstream effectors of transcription factors in other subsets of vertebrate motor neurons are beginning to be identified. Spinal accessory motor neurons...

.... To visualize SAs and MEs in chick, we used previously identified enhancer modules of the Isl1 and Hb9 genes ( Lee et al., 2004 ) to confine green and red fluorescent protein expression to DRG and motor neurons, respectively ( supplementary material Fig. S2A-F ). In mouse, DRG and motor neurons axons were...

... associated with dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube and acquisition of motor neuron progenitor domain identity. Concordant with its sites of expression and biochemistry, data are presented demonstrating that CYP1B1 is capable of eliciting responses that are consistent with the production of RA. Taken...

... the first example of Hox pathway transcription factors within a defined population of vertebrate motor neurons. ¶ Author for correspondence at address 1 (e-mail: akaris@ebc.ee ) * Present address: Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands...

...Monica Ensini; Tammy N. Tsuchida; Heinz-Georg Belting; Thomas M. Jessell ABSTRACT The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing...

... neuron generation. When added to cultures of neural tube explants of developmental stage 9, vitronectin promotes the generation of motor neurons in the absence of either notochord or exogenously added Sonic hedgehog. Conversely, the neutralisation of endogenous vitronectin with antibodies inhibits over...

... may negatively regulate its own expression. pag-3lacZ fusion genes were expressed in the BDU interneurons, the touch neurons, 11 VA and 11 VB ventral cord motor neurons, two AVF interneurons and in unidentified neurons of the retrovesicular ganglion. The BDU neurons and the ALM touch neurons...

...David M. Miller, III; Charles J. Niemeyer ABSTRACT In the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans , VA and VB motor neurons arise from a common precursor cell but adopt different morphologies and synapse with separate sets of interneurons in the ventral nerve cord. A mutation that inactivates the unc-4...

... regions, the area of Shh and HNF-3 β expression was enlarged and the future motor neuron horns appeared to be reduced in size. These observations indicate that opb embryos exhibit defects in the specification of cells along the dorsoventral axis of the developing spinal cord. Although small dorsal root...

... projection patterns as they reached and crossed the ventral midline. In addition, motor neurons were absent or markedly reduced in number in regions of the spinal cord lacking a floor plate. Our results suggest that the floor plate is indeed an intermediate target in the projection of commissural axons...