... proximodistal muscle pattern. Patterning was not disturbed when huSMAD6 was overexpressed in differentiated muscle, implying that the proximodistal muscle pattern depends on BMP-mediated expansion of MPCs before their differentiation. We show that limb MPCs differentially express Hox genes, and Hox-expressing...

... , A. ( 2019 ). Activation of butterfly eyespots by Distal-less is consistent with a reaction-diffusion process . Development 146 , dev169367 . 10.1242/dev.169367 Crickmore , M. A. and Mann , R. S. ( 2006 ). Hox control of organ size by regulation of morphogen production...

...Chunyan Fang; Yaqun Xin; Tao Sun; Antónia Monteiro; Zhanfeng Ye; Fangyin Dai; Cheng Lu; Xiaoling Tong ABSTRACT A long-standing view in the field of evo-devo is that insect forewings develop without any Hox gene input. The Hox gene Antennapedia ( Antp ), despite being expressed in the thoracic...

...Milica Bulajić; Divyanshi Srivastava; Jeremy S. Dasen; Hynek Wichterle; Shaun Mahony; Esteban O. Mazzoni ABSTRACT Although Hox genes encode for conserved transcription factors (TFs), they are further divided into anterior, central and posterior groups based on their DNA-binding domain similarity...

... , 86 - 95 . 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.02.005 Capellini , T. D. ( 2006 ). Pbx1/Pbx2 requirement for distal limb patterning is mediated by the hierarchical control of Hox gene spatial distribution and Shh expression . Development   133 , 2263 - 2273 . 10.1242/dev.02395 Cervantes-Diaz...

... progenitors; NMPs, LPMPs and NotoPs). Both NMP and LPMP transcriptomes change extensively over time. In particular, NMPs upregulate Wnt, Fgf and Notch signalling components, and many Hox genes as progenitors transit from production of the trunk to the tail and expand in number. In contrast, the transcriptome...

...Richard Kaschula; Sofia Pinho; Claudio R. Alonso ABSTRACT Disruptions of normal Hox gene expression can lead to severe morphological defects, revealing a link between the regulation of Hox expression and pattern formation. Here, we explore these links, focusing on the impact of microRNA regulation...

..., but revealed the role of Foxp1 in conferring LMC identity on the cervical MNs. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Hox genes that are normally expressed in the brachial region prevented apoptosis, and directed Foxp1 + MNs to LMC neurons at the cervical level. These results indicate that apoptosis...

...Keita Yoshida; Azusa Nakahata; Nicholas Treen; Tetsushi Sakuma; Takashi Yamamoto; Yasunori Sasakura The chordate pharynx, possessing gill slits and the endostyle, is a complex of multiple tissues that are highly organized along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Although Hox genes show AP...

...René Rezsohazy; Andrew J. Saurin; Corinne Maurel-Zaffran; Yacine Graba Hox genes encode homeodomain transcription factors that control morphogenesis and have established functions in development and evolution. Hox proteins have remained enigmatic with regard to the molecular mechanisms that endow...

... identified several input pathways: Hox paralogous 1 (PG1) factors, which both directly activate krox20 and indirectly repress it via Nlz factors, and the molecular components of an Fgf-dependent effector pathway. These different inputs are channelled through a single initiator enhancer element to shape...

...Ana Rogulja-Ortmann; Joao Picao-Osorio; Casandra Villava; Pedro Patraquim; Elvira Lafuente; Julie Aspden; Stefan Thomsen; Gerhard M. Technau; Claudio R. Alonso The regulated head-to-tail expression of Hox genes provides a coordinate system for the activation of specific programmes of cell...

...Fabrice Prin; Patricia Serpente; Nobue Itasaki; Alex P. Gould Hox genes encode a conserved family of homeodomain transcription factors regulating development along the major body axis. During embryogenesis, Hox proteins are expressed in segment-specific patterns and control numerous different...

... Proximo-distal Meis Hox Epigenetics Retinoic acid FGF Chick Mouse Development of the main axis of vertebrate limbs is a paradigm for segmental specification in a growing structure. The limb bud arises from the lateral plate as a bulge of mesenchymal cells encased within...

... in Hox-negative cranial NCCs induces abnormalities in structures derived from midbrain and forebrain Hox-negative NCCs, such as most of the jaw, facial and skull bones, supporting the notion that ectopic Hox gene expression interferes with normal craniofacial development (e.g. Couly et al., 1998...

... that different combinations of Hox proteins expressed in different rostral and caudal domains of the lateral plate mesoderm, where limb induction occurs, might be involved in regulating the limb type-restricted expression of Tbx4 and Tbx5 and in the later determination of limb type-specific morphologies. Here...

...Mark W. Pellegrino; Sarfarazhussain Farooqui; Erika Fröhli; Hubert Rehrauer; Stéphanie Kaeser-Pebernard; Fritz Müller; Robin B. Gasser; Alex Hajnal Morphogenesis represents a phase of development during which cell fates are executed. The conserved hox genes are key cell fate determinants during...

... and proximodistal segment elongation. Ezh2 maintains the late phase of Hox gene expression and cell transposition experiments suggest that it regulates the plasticity with which cells respond to instructive positional cues. * Author for correspondence ( sevan.hopyan@sickkids.ca ) Competing interests...

... fate, over a differentiated striated bodywall muscle fate. A number of factors control the specific expression of sem-2 in the sex myoblast precursors and their descendants. This includes direct control of sem-2 expression by a Hox-PBC complex. The crucial nature of the HOX/PBC factors in directly...

... Hox gene Ultrabithorax ( Ubx ). Ubx produces a family of six protein isoforms through alternative splicing. To investigate the functional specificity of the Ubx isoforms, we studied their role during the formation of the Drosophila halteres, small dorsal appendages that are essential for normal flight...