... postnatally, utilizing Gli1 lineage cells. Despite their importance, we lack information on the transition from embryonic to mature enthesis and on the relation between Sox9 + progenitors and the Gli1 lineage. Here, by performing a series of lineage tracing experiments in mice, we identify the onset of Gli1...

... as a model with which to investigate how the BMP signaling pathway regulates transcriptional complexes to direct the fate determination of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We first identified the MSC population supporting mouse molar root growth as Gli1 + cells. Using a Gli1-driven Cre-mediated...

... between Gli1-Cre ERT2 and ROSA26-LacZ or ROSA26-eYFP conditional and reporter mice, respectively, were each intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg tamoxifen. Females with E15 embryos were reinjected with 4 mg tamoxifen at E17. Embryos were then harvested and genotyped at E16 (injection at E13...

... and cooperate with E(Spl) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Similar to E(Spl), we show that the activity of Gsk3β/PKA is sensed differently by medial versus lateral IZ progenitors. Furthermore, we identify the transcription factor Gli1, expressed in medial IZ cells, as an antagonist of E(Spl) and Gsk3β/PKA...

... activation,and inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked seminal vesicle branching morphogenesis. Partial loss of FGFR2(IIIb) was also associated with down-regulation of several branching morphogenesis regulators including Shh, Ptch1, Gli1, Gli2, Bmp4 , and Bmp7 . Together with previous studies, these data...

... Gli1 and Gli2 or the Shh receptor smoothened, we found the extent of foliation is gradually reduced, and that this correlates with a decrease in the duration of GCP proliferation. Importantly, the pattern of the remaining fissures in the mutants corresponds to the first fissures that form during normal...

... differentiation,Gli3 seems to position the domain of PTHrP expression. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: andrea.vortkamp@uni-due.de ) 26 9 2005 ©2005. 2005 Indian hedgehog (Ihh) Gli3 Gli2 Gli1 PTHrP (Pthlh) Chondrocyte Cartilage Bone Endochondral ossification...

... in the forebrain, dorsal aspect of the mid-and hindbrain, the otocysts and notochord of neurula and larval stage embryos. Overexpression of Xrel3 causes formation of embryonic tumours. We now show that Xrel3-induced tumours and animal caps from embryos injected with Xrel3 RNA express Otx2, Shh and Gli1...

... induces brachyury , a gene required and sufficient for mesodermal development, and Gli2 is in turn induced by FGF signaling. Moreover, the homeobox gene Xhox3 , a critical determinant of posterior development, is also directly regulated by Gli2. Gli3, but not Gli1, has an activity similar to that of Gli2...

... for the three Gli genes in mice, we have produced a Gli1 mutant and analyzed the phenotypes of Gli1/Gli2 and Gli1/3 double mutants. Gli3 xt mutants have polydactyly and dorsal CNS defects associated with ectopic Shh expression, indicating GLI3 plays a role in repressing Shh . In contrast, Gli2 mutants have five...

... for Gli3, but not for Gli1. When the Shh signal derived from the notochord is received by the neural plate, the widely expressed Gli2 and Gli3 proteins are presumably converted to their active forms in the ventral cells, leading to activation of transcription of their target genes, including Gli1...

...) cells. These assays show that C-terminal sequences are required for positive inducing activity and cytoplasmic localization, whereas N-terminal sequences determine dominant negative function and nuclear localization. Analyses of nuclear targeted Gli1 and Gli2 proteins suggest that both activator...

... differentiation in the ventral spinal cord and hindbrain. Interestingly, the notochord in Gli2 mutants does not regress ventrally after 10.5 dpc, as in normal embryos. Finally, the spinal cord of Gli1 / Gli2 zinc-finger-deletion double homozygous mutants appeared similar to Gli2 homozygotes, indicating...

...Zoë Hardcastle; Rong Mo; Chi-chung Hui; Paul T. Sharpe ABSTRACT The expression of genes involved in the Sonic Hedgehog signalling pathway, including Shh, Ptc, Smo, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 , were found to be expressed in temporal and spatial patterns during early murine tooth development, suggestive...