... activity, whereas HeT-A transcripts serve as a template for telomere elongation. Here, we report that insulator complexes associate with TART and contribute to its transcriptional regulation in the Drosophila germline. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the insulator complex containing BEAF32...

...Madeline Cassani; Geraldine Seydoux ABSTRACT In animals with germ plasm, specification of the germline involves ‘germ granules’, cytoplasmic condensates that enrich maternal transcripts in the germline founder cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, P granules enrich maternal transcripts...

... oogenesis using the model insect Drosophila melanogaster . In adult females maintained at 18°C (cold) or 29°C (warm), relative to females at the 25°C control temperature, egg production was reduced through distinct cellular mechanisms. Chronic 18°C exposure improved germline stem cell maintenance, survival...

...Peter K. Nicholls; David C. Page ABSTRACT In each generation, the germline is tasked with producing somatic lineages that form the body, and segregating a population of cells for gametogenesis. During animal development, when do cells of the germline irreversibly commit to producing gametes...

... in Drosophila , however, have begun to reveal new roles of nuclear receptor signaling in peripheral tissues in controlling reproduction. Here, we identified Hormone receptor 4 (Hr4) as an oogenesis regulator required in the ovary and muscles. Global Hr4 knockdown leads to increased germline stem cell (GSC) loss...

... the continued potential of Drosophila to reveal unexpected regeneration mechanisms. The male and female germlines are maintained by proliferation of germline stem cells. These stem cells can be depleted by mis-expression of differentiation factors in the stem cells or by starvation ( Brawley...

... current knowledge of how X chromosome inactivation, an important model for epigenetic gene regulation, is initiated and controlled during early human embryo development. X chromosome inactivation Human Germline Embryo XIST XACT Pluripotent stem cells The formation of heteromorphic (see...

... the H3K9me3 mark is established and maintained, and the modes by which it functions to regulate gene expression and cell identity during development. Chromatin Heterochromatin Epigenetics Gene regulation Transcriptional repression Transposons Germline Cell fate maintenance In eukaryotic...

... fertilized eggs. Aging germlines displayed both sporadic and population-wide changes. A small fraction of aging animals displayed endomitotic oocytes in the germline and other defects. By contrast, all animals displayed age-related decreases in germline size and function. As early as day 3 of adulthood...

... differentiating progeny at the same time, remains a challenging question. The chromatin assembly factor CAF1 is a conserved histone chaperone, which assembles histones H3 and H4 onto newly synthesized DNA during replication and repair. Here, we have investigated the role of CAF1 in the maintenance of germline...

... to activate Snail independently of Tbx6.b . As a result, Snail begins to be expressed at the 32-cell stage simultaneously in these two lineages. Such shortcuts might be required for coordinating developmental programs in embryos in which cells become separated progressively from stem cells, including germline...

... , the PUF proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 support germline progenitor maintenance by repressing production of meiotic proteins and use distinct mechanisms to repress their target mRNAs. We identify dynein light chain DLC-1 as an important regulator of FBF-2 function. DLC-1 directly binds to FBF-2 outside...

... compromises oogenesis, causing female sterility. We systematically explored roles of the two DOM isoforms during oogenesis using a cell type-specific knockdown approach. Despite their ubiquitous expression, DOM-A and DOM-B have non-redundant functions in germline and soma for egg formation. We show...

...Christopher M. Smendziuk; Anat Messenberg; A. Wayne Vogl; Guy Tanentzapf Soma-germline interactions play conserved essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, patterning and homeostasis in the gonad. In the Drosophila testis, secreted signalling molecules of the JAK-STAT...

... of somatic differentiation in germ cells. To investigate whether this is caused by the accumulation of somatic transcripts, we performed mRNA-seq on dissected germlines with and without P granules. Strikingly, we found that somatic transcripts do not increase in the young adult germline when P granules...

...Harry G. Leitch; Austin Smith Naive pluripotency refers to the capacity of single cells in regulative embryos to engender all somatic and germline cell types. Only germ cells – conventionally considered to be unipotent – can naturally re-acquire pluripotency, by cycling through fertilisation...

... Socs36E transcription and preventing hyperactivation of JAK-STAT signaling. dUTX also acts in germline stem cells to maintain hub structure through regulating DE-Cadherin levels. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into how an epigenetic factor regulates crosstalk among different cell types...

.../EMBL symposium ‘Germline – Immortality through Totipotency’, researchers discussed the mechanisms that establish and control totipotency, with an eye towards the mechanisms that may endow germ cells with the ability to propagate totipotency across generations. The obvious conclusion from...

...Jun Wei Pek; Bing Fu Ng; Toshie Kai In Drosophila , Maelstrom is a conserved component of the perinuclear nuage, a germline-unique structure that appears to serve as a site for Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) production to repress deleterious transposons. Maelstrom also functions in the nucleus...

... of differentiated cell types in the embryo and in vitro has been demonstrated. However, it has remained unclear whether haploid ESCs can contribute to the germline. Here, we show that parthenogenetic haploid ESCs at high passage have robust germline competence enabling the production of transgenic mouse strains...