... proteins. Conditional deletion of Wntless or porcupine, both of which are essential for secretion of Wnts, caused misrotated sensory cells and shortened cochlea – both hallmarks of PCP defects. Wntless-deficient cochleae lacked the polarized PCP components dishevelled 1/2 and frizzled 3/6, while other PCP...

... deuterostome embryos strongly suggest that major aspects of the AP Wnt signaling network identified in sea urchin embryos may be conserved among deuterostome embryos ( Range, 2014 ). A combination of the activities of secreted Wnt modulators, trans-membrane Frizzled receptors and co-receptors is necessary...

... is regulated by both long-range gradient-dependent and gradient-independent mechanisms. Morphogen gradient formation Wg Wnt Protein secretion Wing epithelium Drosophila Fz2 Frizzled Wnts are lipid-modified secreted proteins conserved in all metazoans and play a pivotal role...

..., and resulted in loss of polarized rosette structures in the aggregates. Mutation in frizzled9b reduced total kidney nephron number, caused defects in tubule morphology and reduced regeneration of new nephrons after injury. Our results demonstrate an essential role for Wnt/frizzled signaling in adult zebrafish...

...Chun-Wei He; Chien-Po Liao; Chung-Kuan Chen; Jérôme Teulière; Chun-Hao Chen; Chun-Liang Pan ABSTRACT Signaling that instructs the migration of neurons needs to be tightly regulated to ensure precise positioning of neurons and subsequent wiring of the neuronal circuits. Wnt-Frizzled signaling...

... work is properly attributed. Dachsous Fat Four-jointed Frizzled Starry-night Van Gogh ‘ Polarity is in my mind the essential problem. We have to explain why one part of a cell becomes different from another part .’       Sydney Brenner (1994) Imagine how tricky it would...

...Sergio Garrido-Jimenez; Angel-Carlos Roman; Alberto Alvarez-Barrientos; Jose Maria Carvajal-Gonzalez ABSTRACT In vertebrates, planar polarization of ciliary basal bodies has been associated with actin polymerization that occurs downstream of the Frizzled-planar cell polarity (Fz-PCP) pathway...

... that the heterotrimeric G protein Go functions as a transducer of Wingless-Frizzled 2 signaling in the synapse. We identify Ankyrin 2 as a target of Go signaling required for NMJ formation. Moreover, the Go-ankyrin interaction is conserved in the mammalian neurite outgrowth pathway. Without ankyrins, a major switch...

... cortical actin organisation. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide and mRNA injection studies showed that PCP development requires the Clytia orthologues of the core Fz-PCP pathway components Strabismus (CheStbm), Frizzled (CheFz1) and Dishevelled (CheDsh). Morpholinos targeting any of these components...

... – the Dachsous (Ds) and Frizzled (Fz) systems – play key roles in the establishment and maintenance of such polarity. There has been great progress in uncovering the how these genes work together to produce planar polarity, yet fundamental questions remain unanswered. Here, we study the Drosophila larval ventral...

...) Dachsous Fat Frizzled Gradients Starry night (Flamingo) Drosophila Planar cell polarity (PCP) is likely to be a property of all or most epithelial cells, even though they do not always evince it ( Lawrence et al., 2007 ). Some cells reveal their polarity by indicators; examples...

...-endocytosis of Ed and Fmi provides a link between apicobasal polarity and PCP. Echinoid Flamingo (Starry night) DE-cadherin (Shotgun) Frizzled Planar cell polarity Endocytosis Cell adhesion Adherens junction Drosophila Epithelial cells are polarized cells with different...

... of dscr5 disrupted Knypek membrane localization and caused an enhanced Frizzled 7 receptor endocytosis in a Caveolin-dependent manner. Furthermore, dscr5 knockdown promoted specific Dishevelled degradation by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. These results reveal a functional link between Knypek/Glypican 4...

... localised core polarity protein Frizzled positively promotes prehair initiation, suggesting that both proximal and distal cellular cues act together to ensure accurate prehair placement. Patches of cells lacking stbm activity present the opposite situation, in which no proximal cue is present...

... of the frizzled (Fz) receptor, its coreceptor LDL receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6), and the cytoplasmic dishevelled (Dvl) protein. The functional relationships among Fz, Lrp6 and Dvl have long been enigmatic. We demonstrated previously that Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation via glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3...

.... This is apparently due, in part, to a loss of regulation of Rho GTPase activity by the planar polarity receptor Frizzled,which itself becomes localised to the migratory edge of the border cells. We conclude that, during collective cell migration, the planar polarity pathway can mediate communication between motile...

... cerebral cortex, many wnt and frizzled family genes are expressed in gene-specific regional and lamina patterns( Shimogori et al., 2004 ). Such patterned expression suggests the possibility that these genes are involved in other aspects of brain development. Recent studies have shown that functional fzd3...

.... The other set, the Stan system, encodes Starry night (Stan or Flamingo) and Frizzled. The prevailing view is that the Ds system acts via the Stan system to orient cells. However, using the Drosophila abdomen, we find instead that the two systems operate independently: each confers and propagates polarity...

... is unknown. Here, we report that the Wnt signal is transduced in muscle progenitor cells by at least two Frizzled (Fz)receptors (Fz1 and/or Fz6), through the canonical β-catenin pathway, in the epaxial domain of newly formed somites. We show that Myf5 activation is dramatically reduced by blocking the Wnt/β...

... Four-jointed Dachs Frizzled Grunge Atrophin The Drosophila proteins Fat (Ft) and Dachsous (Ds) are required in several processes during the development of imaginal disc tissues. First, they help regulate the growth of discs. Removal of Ft and, to a lesser extent, Ds,induces...