...Benoit Haerlingen; Robert Opitz; Isabelle Vandernoot; Angelo Molinaro; Meghna Parakkal Shankar; Pierre Gillotay; Achim Trubiroha; Sabine Costagliola ABSTRACT Thyroid tissue, the site of de novo thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is derived from ventral pharyngeal endoderm and defects in morphogenesis...

...Chee Kiang Ewe; Erica M. Sommermann; Josh Kenchel; Sagen E. Flowers; Morris F. Maduro; Pradeep M. Joshi; Joel H. Rothman ABSTRACT The architecture of gene regulatory networks determines the specificity and fidelity of developmental outcomes. We report that the core regulatory circuitry for endoderm...

... approaches. Abrogation of zygotic Klf expression during M. leidyi embryogenesis resulted in abnormal development of several organs, including the pharynx, tentacle bulbs and apical organ. Our data suggest an ancient role for Klf genes in regulating endodermal patterning, possibly through regulation of cell...

...Kazunori Okada; Shinji Takada ABSTRACT Pharyngeal arches (PAs) are segmented by endodermal outpocketings called pharyngeal pouches (PPs). Anterior and posterior PAs appear to be generated by different mechanisms, but it is unclear how the anterior and posterior PAs combine. Here, we addressed...

... novel dorsal and ventral hindgut domains, and show that ventrolateral hindgut cells populate the majority of the colonic epithelium. A Wnt3a-β-catenin-Sp5/8 pathway, which is active in the dorsal hindgut endoderm, is required for hindgut extension and colon formation. Interestingly, the absence of Wnt...

...Sonja Nowotschin; Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis; Kyra Campbell ABSTRACT The endoderm is a progenitor tissue that, in humans, gives rise to the majority of internal organs. Over the past few decades, genetic studies have identified many of the upstream signals specifying endoderm identity in different...

... morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm are important in instructing region-specific NCC condensation to form malleus-incus and stapes, respectively, in mouse. Tissue-specific knockout of Shh in the pharyngeal endoderm or Smo (a transducer of SHH signaling) in NCCs causes the loss...

...Zairan Liu; Stephanie Woo; Orion D. Weiner ABSTRACT During gastrulation, endodermal cells actively migrate to the interior of the embryo, but the signals that initiate and coordinate this migration are poorly understood. By transplanting ectopically induced endodermal cells far from the normal...

...Bo Hu; Yuanyuan Gao; Lauren Davies; Stephanie Woo; Jacek Topczewski; Jason R. Jessen; Fang Lin ABSTRACT During embryogenesis, the germ layers, including the endoderm, undergo convergence and extension movements to narrow and elongate the body plan. In zebrafish, the dorsal migration of endodermal...

...N. Ray Dunn; Brigid L. M. Hogan ABSTRACT The historic town of Taos, New Mexico, with its rich multicultural history of art and craft, was the site of the second Keystone Symposium on ‘Endoderm Development and Disease’, which was held in February 2018. The theme of the meeting was ‘Cross-Organ...

...Abigail S. Tucker; Carlene J. Dyer; Juan M. Fons Romero; Tathyane H. N. Teshima; Jennifer C. Fuchs; Hannah Thompson ABSTRACT The middle ear epithelium is derived from neural crest and endoderm, which line distinct regions of the middle ear cavity. Here, we investigate the distribution of putative...

...) that regulate distinct lung- versus thyroid-lineage specification, respectively, from foregut endoderm. In contrast to most previous reports, these minimal pathways appear to be evolutionarily conserved between mice and humans, and FGF signaling, although required for thyroid specification, unexpectedly appears...

... cnidarian Nematostella vectensis . Nvbrachyury is normally expressed in precursors of the pharynx, which separates endoderm from ectoderm. In knockout embryos, the pharynx does not form, embryos fail to elongate, and endoderm organization, ectodermal cell polarity and patterning along the oral-aboral axis...

... organogenesis, highlighting the factors involved in thyroid progenitor specification and the events occurring during thyroid gland morphogenesis. Thyroid Endoderm Pharyngeal Neural crest Evolution Morphogenesis The thyroid gland ( Fig. 1 ) and its hormones play multifaceted roles in organ...

... coordinated expression in the pharyngeal endoderm, tissue-specific roles of these factors for establishing the regional identities within this tissue have not been demonstrated. Here, we show that Hox1 is essential for the establishment of AP axial identity of the endostyle, a major structure...

...Mariana L. Stevens; Praneet Chaturvedi; Scott A. Rankin; Melissa Macdonald; Sajjeev Jagannathan; Masashi Yukawa; Artem Barski; Aaron M. Zorn Digestive system development is orchestrated by combinatorial signaling interactions between endoderm and mesoderm, but how these signals are interpreted...

... contacts and creates directionally biased geometry. Here, we demonstrate that FN is deposited as pillars between widely separated germ layers, namely the somitic mesoderm and the endoderm, in quail embryos. Alongside the FN pillars, long filopodia protrude from the basal surfaces of somite epithelial cells...

... validate several strategies to spatially restrict illumination and thus gene induction with our new TAEL (TA4-EL222) system. As a functional example, we show that TAEL is able to induce ectopic endodermal cells in the presumptive ectoderm via targeted sox32 induction. We also demonstrate that TAEL can...

...Virginia E. Bain; Julie Gordon; John D. O'Neil; Isaias Ramos; Ellen R. Richie; Nancy R. Manley The thymus and parathyroids develop from third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp) endoderm. Our previous studies show that S hh null mice have smaller, aparathyroid primordia in which thymus fate specification...

...+ homeostasis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, but whether mammalian C cell development involves a homologous ontogenetic trajectory has not been experimentally verified. With lineage tracing, we now provide direct evidence that Sox17+ anterior endoderm is the only source of differentiated C cells...