... an essential role for Pinch2 during central nervous system myelination. Unlike Pinch1 gene ablation, loss of Pinch2 in oligodendrocytes results in hypermyelination and in the formation of pathological myelin outfoldings in white matter regions. These structural changes concur with inhibition of Rho GTPase RhoA...

.... Central nervous system Fate decisions Stochasticity In the biological literature, developmental processes are frequently classified as deterministic or stochastic. This classification is often based on the reproducibility of an outcome of a biological experiment. For example, if an experiment...

...Brett J. Hilton; Frank Bradke In the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), neurons typically fail to regenerate their axons after injury. During development, by contrast, neurons extend axons effectively. A variety of intracellular mechanisms mediate this difference, including changes...

... determination during development and directed reprogramming. Brain Cellular plasticity Cellular reprogramming Developmental programme Central nervous system For two days in April 2017, organizers Paola Arlotta (Harvard University, USA), Benedikt Berninger (Mainz University, Germany) and Marisa...

...: Characterisation of the neural stem cells in the gnathal head region completes the mapping of all individual neuroblasts that generate the Drosophila CNS. Central nervous system Neuroblasts Segmental patterning Drosophila brain Gene expression profile Deformed The development...

...Marta Moris-Sanz; Alicia Estacio-Gómez; Javier Álvarez-Rivero; Fernando J. Díaz-Benjumea During the development of the central nervous system, neural progenitors generate an enormous number of distinct types of neuron and glial cells by asymmetric division. Intrinsic genetic programs define...

.... Central nervous system Drosophila ELAV/Hu Hox RNA-binding protein RNA processing Alternative polyadenylation (APA) Alternative splicing Segment-specific apoptosis The nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates shows a remarkable level of regionalisation along the anteroposterior (AP...

... research is shaping our understanding of their evolution. This includes evolution of developmental genes and networks and our changing views of their conservation and divergence across the animals; the evolution of segmentation and the central nervous system and the debates about what is conserved...

... Syndrome. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: tkidd@unr.edu ) 22 9 2008 © 2008. 2008 Drosophila genetics Axon guidance Body patterning Cell migration Central nervous system Signal transduction In bilaterally symmetric nervous systems, many axons are guided...

...-mail: seanjm@umich.edu ) * Present address: Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401-9401, USA 12 4 2007 © 2007. 2007 Notch Gliogenesis Neural stem cells Neural crest Central nervous system Spinal cord Mouse...

... ; Joly et al., 1992 ; Marom et al., 1997 ; Meyer and Gruss, 1993 ; Nordstrom et al., 2006 ; Pillemer et al., 1998 ; Reece-Hoyes et al., 2002 ). One of the most prominent characteristics that distinguishes the rostral and caudal regions of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is its...

... Stem cell Central nervous system Neurosphere As development proceeds and the CNS becomes a complex three-dimensional structure, the neural stem cells that generate all three major cell lineages in the CNS, neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, become restricted to specialised germinal...

.../sc genes in the coleopteran insect species Tribolium castaneum . We have identified two Tribolium ac/sc genes - achaete-scute homolog ( Tc-ASH ) a proneural gene and asense ( Tc-ase ) a neural precursor gene that reside in a gene complex. Focusing on the embryonic central nervous system we find...

... for correspondence (e-mail: epsteind@mail.med.upenn.edu ) 12 5 2003 © 2003. 2003 Shh Floor plate Notochord Node Gene regulation Central nervous system The floor plate comprises a highly specialized group of glial cells that occupy the ventral midline of the neural tube...

... suggests an independent Pax6 duplication in a triclad or platyhelminth ancestor. Pax6A is expressed in the central nervous system of intact planarians, labeling a subset of cells of both cephalic ganglia and nerve cords, and is activated during cephalic regeneration. Pax6B follows a similar pattern...

... within the Drosophila CNS. *Author for correspondence (e-mail: jurban@mail.uni-mainz.de ) 16 11 2001 © 2002. 2002 Drosophila NB sublineage genes hunchback Central nervous system Serotonin Corazonin The central nervous system (CNS) of all higher organisms consists...

...Emmanuel Garcion; Andreas Faissner; Charles ffrench-Constant The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C is widely expressed in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) during development and repair. Despite multiple effects of tenascin-C on cell behaviour in culture, no structural...

... Shh Sim2 bHLH-PAS Gene regulation Central nervous system Mouse Generating regional diversity of neuronal progenitors induced by Shh along the two major axes of the CNS depends on at least two mechanisms. Along the dorsoventral axis, a morphogenic gradient of Shh activity has been shown...

... development. Within the central nervous system (CNS) Fgf8 is implicated in patterning neural tissue adjacent to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. However, the roles of Fgfs in CNS tissue rostral to the midbrain are less clear. Here we examine the patterning of the forebrain in zebrafish embryos that lack...

... , 999 – 1009 . 10.1242/dev.115.4.999 Brodal , P. ( 1998 ). The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Chisaka , O. and Capecchi , M. R. ( 1991 ). Regionally restricted development defects resulting from targeted disruption...