... that have been imaged under our conditions survive to hatch as viable larvae. * Author for correspondence ( h.j.muller@dundee.ac.uk ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 15 4 2011 © 2011. 2011 Cell signalling...

... Progenitor cells Cell specification Cell signalling Glia Neuron Mouse One of most important aspects of the cellular organization of the nervous system is the presence of a large number of differentiated cell types that can mediate distinct functions. During development, differentiated cell types...

...-mail: nakamura@idac.tohoku.ac.jp ) 11 4 2001 © 2001. 2001 Fgf8 Cerrebellum Tectum Mesencephalon Metencephalon Cell signalling Chick Molecular mechanisms involved in the regionalisation of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) have been a focus of many studies. A combination...

... for correspondence (e-mail: zaret@fccc.edu ) 26 February 2001 28 December 2000 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 Pancreas Liver Organogenesis Differentiation Cell signalling FGF Shh Pdx1 Mouse The signalling mechanisms that control the specification of endoderm-derived...

... suppressor ERM Cell signalling The embryonic axes of Drosophila are established during oogenesis through the localisation of specific mRNAs to different regions of the oocyte cytoplasm. This process is initiated through bi-directional signalling between the oocyte and the overlying follicle cells...

... for correspondence (e-mail: cmb16@cus.cam.ac.uk ) 07 11 2000 21 12 2000 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 Drosophila Embryo Visceral mesoderm Hindgut ectoderm Cell signalling As in the embryonic somatic mesoderm, Wg may regulate Htl expression indirectly by first enhancing...

... address: Division of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK * Author for correspondence (e-mail: tmj1@columbia.edu ) 15 12 2000 08 02 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Neural patterning Sonic hedgehog BMP Cell...

... of Biologists 1999 Glia FGF Morphogenesis Grasshopper Cell signalling Axons signal glia in a number of ways, inducing glial mitogenesis, differentiation and eventual morphological patterning including glial processes wrapping around axons. A number of candidate signals have been proposed...

... of Freiburg, Institute for Zoology, Hauptstrasse 1, Freiburg D-79104, Germany 15 06 1999 23 08 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 narrowminded Neural crest Sensory neurons Cell signalling Zebrafish There are two cell types at the lateral edge of the neural...

... tissues and involves a diffusible signal. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: i.mason@umds.ac.uk ) 19 06 1999 23 08 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Isthmus Boundary Hindbrain Midbrain Rhombomere Fgf8 Gbx2 Cell signalling Regeneration The isthmus...

.... Thérond and B. Limbourg Bouchon made equal contribution to this work 09 07 1999 23 08 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Drosophila melanogaster fused hedgehog wingless patched engrailed smoothened Suppressor of fused Cubitus interruptus Cell...

... specific stages of development. Oligodendrocytes Spinal cord Sonic hedgehog Cell signalling Chick © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 04 05 1999 15 03 1999 § Author for correspondence (e-mail: rhm3@po.cwru.edu ) * The first three authors contributed equally...

... Cell signalling Early embryonic development Mouse The secreted signaling molecules of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily play critical roles in the specification and patterning of cells during embryogenesis. Composed of greater than 30 members, the superfamily has been...

... at the midline. ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: klaembt@mail.uni-muenster.de ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 20 01 1999 19 11 1998 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Drosophila melanogaster Cell signalling Commissural pattern CNS karussell...

... laevis cell signalling Many examples of regional specification in developing embryos are known to depend on the action of diffusible extracellular inducing factors and candidates exist for many of the factors responsible ( Wolpert et al., 1998 ). But there are two problems in proving...

... Mandible Lim homeobox Fgf-8 Goosecoid Mouse Cell signalling The establishment of pattern during embryogenesis involves the cellular and molecular division of cells to provide ‘positional information’. Branchial arches give rise to a wide range of structures specific to each arch. Thus each...

... ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: Simon.Tuck@ucmp.umu.se ) 14 09 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Caenorhabditis elegans Vulva lin-25 sur-2 Cell signalling let-60 ras The fates of cells giving rise to the vulva in the Caenorhabditis elegans...

... 48109, USA 05 06 1998 21 07 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Drosophila Frizzled DFz2 Wingless Bristle formation Cell signalling Members of the Wnt family of secreted proteins play important roles in animal development ( Nusse and Varmus, 1992...

... their normal pathway. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: kuwada@umich.edu ) 26 February 1998 21 January 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Semaphorin Zebrafish Growth cone guidance Lateral line Cell signalling The above static analysis of the effect...

... 19 12 1997 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Motor neurons Neural tube Mesoderm Positional identity Cell signalling Chick Quail Vertebrate motor behavior is coordinated by the activity of motor neurons (MNs) located in the spinal cord and brain stem. The refinement...