...Victoria M. R. Spencer; Lucy Bentall; C. Jill Harrison ABSTRACT Diverse branching forms have evolved multiple times across the tree of life to facilitate resource acquisition and exchange with the environment. In the vascular plant group, the ancestral pattern of branching involves dichotomy...

... receptor ACKR2 contributes to the control of ductal epithelial branching in the developing mammary gland by regulating macrophage dynamics. ACKR2 is a chemokine-scavenging receptor that mediates its effects through collaboration with inflammatory chemokine receptors (iCCRs). Here, we reveal reciprocal...

...Cui Zhang; Jin Wang; Stephan Wenkel; John W. Chandler; Wolfgang Werr; Yuling Jiao ABSTRACT Branching is a common feature of plant development. In seed plants, axillary meristems (AMs) initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching. AM initiation requires a high level of expression...

...Leah B. Nantie; Randee E. Young; Wyatt G. Paltzer; Yan Zhang; Randy L. Johnson; Jamie M. Verheyden; Xin Sun ABSTRACT Lung growth to its optimal size at birth is driven by reiterative airway branching followed by differentiation and expansion of alveolar cell types. How this elaborate growth...

.... Summary: New markers for specific cell types in the developing human kidney are identified and computational approaches infer developmental trajectories and interrogate the complex network of signaling pathways and cellular transitions. Branching Fetal Human Kidney Single cell...

...Gillian J. Wilson; Kay D. Hewit; Kenneth J. Pallas; Claire J. Cairney; Kit M. Lee; Christopher A. Hansell; Torsten Stein; Gerard J. Graham Macrophages are important regulators of branching morphogenesis during development and postnatally in the mammary gland. Regulation of macrophage dynamics...

.... 19 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Bioengineering Branching Polarity Diabetes A cellular therapy for diabetes is currently limited by the supply of beta cells. Robust protocols to produce endoderm from embryonic stem cells or induced...

...Thomas Volckaert; Alice Campbell; Erik Dill; Changgong Li; Parviz Minoo; Stijn De Langhe Localized Fgf10 expression in the distal mesenchyme adjacent to sites of lung bud formation has long been thought to drive stereotypic branching morphogenesis even though isolated lung epithelium branches...

..., VEGF-induced hypervascularization decreases pancreas size. The growth phenotype results from vascular restriction of pancreatic tip cell formation, lateral branching and differentiation of the pancreatic epithelium into endocrine and acinar cells. The effects are seen both in vivo and ex vivo...

...Yongjun Yin; Fen Wang; David M. Ornitz Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 is a secreted signaling molecule that is expressed in lung mesothelium and epithelium and is required for lung development. Embryos lacking FGF9 show mesenchymal hypoplasia, decreased epithelial branching and, by the end...

...Alethia Villasenor; Diana C. Chong; Mark Henkemeyer; Ondine Cleaver The mammalian pancreas is a highly branched gland, essential for both digestion and glucose homeostasis. Pancreatic branching, however, is poorly understood, both at the ultrastructural and cellular levels. In this article, we...

...Niki Panagiotaki; Federico Dajas-Bailador; Enrique Amaya; Nancy Papalopulu; Karel Dorey During development, many organs, including the kidney, lung and mammary gland, need to branch in a regulated manner to be functional. Multicellular branching involves changes in cell shape, proliferation...

... known. Here, we show that neutralization of neuronal Nogo-A or Nogo-A gene ablation (KO) leads to longer neurites, increased fasciculation, and decreased branching of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. The same effects are seen with antibodies against the Nogo receptor complex components NgR...

... as in the environment through which their axons extend. By contrast, Cad6B is expressed by mature cranial motoneurons. We demonstrate in chick that these cadherins play distinct roles in cranial motor axon morphology, branching and projection. Using in vitro approaches, we show that Cad7 enhances motor axon outgrowth...

...Shuta Ishibe; Anil Karihaloo; Hong Ma; Junhui Zhang; Arnaud Marlier; Mitchihiro Mitobe; Akashi Togawa; Roland Schmitt; Jan Czyczk; Michael Kashgarian; David S. Geller; Snorri S. Thorgeirsson; Lloyd G. Cantley Ureteric bud (UB) branching during kidney development determines the final number...

...Derina Sweeney; Nils Lindström; Jamie A. Davies Branching morphogenesis of epithelia is an important mechanism in animal development, being responsible for the characteristic architectures of glandular organs such as kidney, lung, prostate and salivary gland. In these systems, new branches usually...

... errors, indicating that the Xena/XVASP family of proteins and filopodial protrusions are non-essential for pathfinding in retinal axons. However, depletion of Xena/XVASP proteins severely impaired the ability of growth cones to form branches within the optic tectum, suggesting that this protein family...

... ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 18 4 2006 © 2006. 2006 Xenopus laevis Synapse Tectal neuron PSD95-GFP Branching In vivo imaging APV In the developing central nervous system, functional neuronal circuitry is established as axon terminals arborize, recognize...

.... To examine this hypothesis directly,expression of sema3a1 and/or nrp1a was manipulated in several ways. First, antisense knockdown of Sema3a1 induced CaP axons to branch excessively, stall and/or follow aberrant pathways. Furthermore,dynamic analysis showed they extended more lateral filopodia and often...

...Carolyn E. Fisher; Lydia Michael; Mark W. Barnett; Jamie A. Davies Branching morphogenesis of epithelium is a common and important feature of organogenesis; it is, for example, responsible for development of renal collecting ducts, lung airways, milk ducts of mammary glands and seminal ducts...