Issues
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Cover image
Cover Image
Cover: The hyaloid blood vessel network (red) with associated macrophages (green) isolated from a mouse eye. This, along with the retinal vessel network, was used to provide new insights into the role of apoptosis during angiogenesis and vessel regression. See Research article by Watson et al. on p. 2973. Image credit: Stephen Mieruszynski.
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IN THIS ISSUE
MEETING REVIEW
The stem cell niche finds its true north
Summary: This Meeting Review highlights the advances presented at the third ‘Stem Cell Niche’ meeting, which was held in Denmark in May 2016 and covered diverse aspects of embryonic and adult stem cell biology.
REVIEW
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling during mammalian development
Summary: This Review summarizes the mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers function and highlights their specificities during mammalian cell differentiation and organogenesis.
STEM CELLS AND REGENERATION
Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle
Highlighted Article: Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in the plantaris and extensor digitorum longus muscles in mice, suggesting that satellite cells are obligatory for hypertrophic growth.
JAK/STAT signalling mediates cell survival in response to tissue stress
Summary: Upon tissue damage, JAK/STAT signalling and its effector Zfh2 promote the survival of JNK-signalling cells in Drosophila imaginal discs, thereby limiting tissue damage and facilitating systemic responses.
Fgf signalling controls diverse aspects of fin regeneration
Summary: During fin regeneration in zebrafish, Fgf20a signals from the wound epidermis to induce blastema formation while blastema Fgfs, including Fgf3, subsequently support cell proliferation.
Protein synthesis and degradation are essential to regulate germline stem cell homeostasis in Drosophila testes
Summary: A large-scale RNAi screen in Drosophila testes reveals that many genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation are required for the homeostasis of germline stem cells and their niches.
Lizard tail skeletal regeneration combines aspects of fracture healing and blastema-based regeneration
Summary: Proximal and distal regenerated lizard tail skeletal regions form independently from different cell sources and in response to different signals.
Live imaging of X chromosome reactivation dynamics in early mouse development can discriminate naïve from primed pluripotent stem cells
Highlighted Article: Reporter mice harbouring gene cassettes encoding two different fluorescent proteins inserted into specific loci in the X chromosomes are used to study X chromosome status in vivo.
RESEARCH REPORT
Tmem2 regulates cell-matrix interactions that are essential for muscle fiber attachment
Summary: The transmembrane protein Tmem2 facilitates muscle fiber attachment by influencing both the organization of the extracellular matrix and the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan.
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Apoptosis regulates endothelial cell number and capillary vessel diameter but not vessel regression during retinal angiogenesis
Highlighted Article: Apoptosis is a consequence of vessel regression, not a cause, and serves to modulate endothelial cell numbers, remove non-perfused vessels and regulate capillary calibre during retinal development in mice.
Wallenda/DLK protein levels are temporally downregulated by Tramtrack69 to allow R7 growth cones to become stationary boutons
Summary: Two mechanisms - negative feedback and temporal control - operate to repress the expression of DLK, a potent promoter of growth cone motility and regeneration, during Drosophila photoreceptor development.
Shh and ZRS enhancer colocalisation is specific to the zone of polarising activity
Summary: Super-resolution microscopy reveals that, during mouse limb development, enhancer-driven gene expression results in the juxtaposition of Shh and its limb bud-specific enhancer only within cells of the distal posterior limb bud.
Novel functions for Dorsocross in epithelial morphogenesis in the beetle Tribolium castaneum
Summary: The transcription factor Dorsocross has an ancestral, previously unknown, role in insect morphogenesis, acting upstream of BMP signaling in extraembryonic epithelia.
AP-1 family members act with Sox9 to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy
Summary: Genome-wide interaction analyses and mechanistic studies demonstrate that Sox9 and AP-1 family members collaborate to regulate the hypertrophic chondrocyte transition during skeletal development in mice.
Escargot and Scratch regulate neural commitment by antagonizing Notch activity in Drosophila sensory organs
Summary: Two Snail family transcriptional regulators - Escargot and Scratch - redundantly repress Notch target gene transcription and, as such, maintain a silenced Notch pathway in neural precursor cells.
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