Seed development in angiosperms demands the tightly co-ordinated development of three genetically distinct structures. The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternally derived seed coat. In Arabidopsis final seed size is determined by early expansion of the coenocytic endosperm, which then cellularizes and subsequently undergoes developmental Programmed Cell Death, breaking down as the embryo grows. Endosperm breakdown requires the endosperm-specific basic Helix Loop Helix transcription factor ZHOUPI. However, to date the mechanism underlying the Arabidopsis endosperm breakdown process has not been elucidated. Here we provide evidence that ZHOUPI does not induce the developmental Programmed Cell Death of the endosperm directly. Instead ZHOUPI indirectly triggers cell death by regulating the expression of cell wall modifying enzymes, thus altering the physical properties of the endosperm to condition a mechanical environment permitting the compression of the cellularized endosperm by the developing embryo.
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01 January 2016
Mechanical stress mediated by both endosperm softening and embryo growth underlies endosperm elimination in Arabidopsis seeds
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Plant development
Chloé Fourquin,
Chloé Fourquin
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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Léna Beauzamy,
Léna Beauzamy
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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Sophy Chamot,
Sophy Chamot
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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Audrey Creff,
Audrey Creff
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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Justin Goodrich,
Justin Goodrich
2
University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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Arezki Boudaoud,
Arezki Boudaoud
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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Gwyneth Ingram
Gwyneth Ingram
*
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
*Author for correspondence: (Gwyneth.Ingram@ens-lyon.fr)
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Chloé Fourquin
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
Léna Beauzamy
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
Sophy Chamot
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
Audrey Creff
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
Justin Goodrich
2
University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
Arezki Boudaoud
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
Gwyneth Ingram
*
1
Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
*Author for correspondence: (Gwyneth.Ingram@ens-lyon.fr)
Received:
07 Mar 2016
Accepted:
24 May 2016
Online ISSN: 1477-9129
Print ISSN: 0950-1991
European Research Council
(CDREG, 32998)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
(CESETAB)
© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
2016
Development dev.137224.
Article history
Received:
07 Mar 2016
Accepted:
24 May 2016
Currently Viewing Accepted Manuscript - Newer Version Available
15 Sep 2016
Citation
Chloé Fourquin, Léna Beauzamy, Sophy Chamot, Audrey Creff, Justin Goodrich, Arezki Boudaoud, Gwyneth Ingram; Mechanical stress mediated by both endosperm softening and embryo growth underlies endosperm elimination in Arabidopsis seeds. Development 2016; dev.137224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.137224
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